Regulation 28 - Subdivision and damage stability
Clasification Society 2024 - Version 9.40

Regulation 28 - Subdivision and damage stability

  1 Every oil tanker delivered after 31 December 1979, as defined in regulation 1.28.2, of 150 gross tonnage and above, shall comply with the subdivision and damage stability criteria as specified in paragraph 3 of this regulation, after the assumed side or bottom damage as specified in paragraph 2 of this regulation, for any operating draught reflecting actual partial or full load conditions consistent with trim and strength of the ship as well as relative densities of the cargo. Such damage shall be applied to all conceivable locations along the length of the ship as follows:

  • .1 in tankers of more than 225 m in length, anywhere in the ship's length;

  • .2 in tankers of more than 150 m, but not exceeding 225 m in length, anywhere in the ship's length except involving either after or forward bulkhead bounding the machinery space located aft. The machinery space shall be treated as a single floodable compartment; and

  • .3 in tankers not exceeding 150 m in length, anywhere in the ship's length between adjacent transverse bulkheads with the exception of the machinery space. For tankers of 100 m or less in length where all requirements of paragraph 3 of this regulation cannot be fulfilled without materially impairing the operational qualities of the ship, Administrations may allow relaxations from these requirements.

Ballast conditions where the tanker is not carrying oil in cargo tanks, excluding any oil residues, shall not be considered.

 SEE INTERPRETATION 53

  2 The following provisions regarding the extent and the character of the assumed damage shall apply:

  • .1 Side damage:

    1 Longitudinal extent: or 14.5 m, whichever is less
    2 Transverse extent (inboard from the ship's side at right angles to the centreline at the level of the summer load line): or 11.5 m, whichever is less
    3 Vertical extent: From the moulded line of the bottom shell plating at centreline, upwards without limit

  • .2 Bottom damage:

        For 0.3L from the forward perpendicular of the ship Any other part of the ship
    1 Longitudinal extent : or 14.5 m, whichever is less or 5 m, whichever is less
    2 Transverse extent: or 10 m, whichever is less or 5 m, whichever is less
    3 Vertical extent: or 6 m, whichever is less, measured from the moulded line of the bottom shell plating at centreline or 6 m, whichever is less, measured from the moulded line of the bottom shell plating at centreline

  • .3 If any damage of a lesser extent than the maximum extent of damage specified in subparagraphs 2.1 and 2.2 of this paragraph would result in a more severe condition, such damage shall be considered.

  • .4 Where the damage involving transverse bulkheads is envisaged as specified in subparagraphs 1.1 and 1.2 of this regulation, transverse watertight bulkheads shall be spaced at least at a distance equal to the longitudinal extent of assumed damage specified in subparagraph 2.1 of this paragraph in order to be considered effective. Where transverse bulkheads are spaced at a lesser distance, one or more of these bulkheads within such extent of damage shall be assumed as non-existent for the purpose of determining flooded compartments.

  • .5 Where the damage between adjacent transverse watertight bulkheads is envisaged as specified in subparagraph 1.3 of this regulation, no main transverse bulkhead or a transverse bulkhead bounding side tanks or double bottom tanks shall be assumed damaged, unless:

    • .1 the spacing of the adjacent bulkheads is less than the longitudinal extent of assumed damage specified in subparagraph 2.1 of this paragraph; or

    • .2 there is a step or recess in a transverse bulkhead of more than 3.05 m in length, located within the extent of penetration of assumed damage. The step formed by the after peak bulkhead and after peak top shall not be regarded as a step for the purpose of this regulation.

  • .6 If pipes, ducts or tunnels are situated within the assumed extent of damage, arrangements shall be made so that progressive flooding cannot thereby extend to compartments other than those assumed to be floodable for each case of damage.

 SEE INTERPRETATION 54

  3 Oil tankers shall be regarded as complying with the damage stability criteria if the following requirements are met:

  • .1 The final waterline, taking into account sinkage, heel and trim, shall be below the lower edge of any opening through which progressive flooding may take place. Such openings shall include air-pipes and those which are closed by means of weathertight doors or hatch covers and may exclude those openings closed by means of watertight manhole covers and flush scuttles, small watertight cargo tank hatch covers which maintain the high integrity of the deck, remotely operated watertight sliding doors, and sidescuttles of the non-opening type.

  • .2 In the final stage of flooding, the angle of heel due to unsymmetrical flooding shall not exceed 25°, provided that this angle may be increased up to 30º if no deck edge immersion occurs.

  • .3 The stability in the final stage of flooding shall be investigated and may be regarded as sufficient if the righting lever curve has at least a range of 20º beyond the position of equilibrium in association with a maximum residual righting lever of at least 0.1 m within the 20º range; the area under the curve within this range shall not be less than 0.0175 m•rad. Unprotected openings shall not be immersed within this range unless the space concerned is assumed to be flooded. Within this range, the immersion of any of the openings listed in subparagraph 3.1 of this paragraph and other openings capable of being closed weathertight may be permitted.

  • .4 The Administration shall be satisfied that the stability is sufficient during intermediate stages of flooding.

  • .5 Equalization arrangements requiring mechanical aids such as valves or cross-levelling pipes, if fitted, shall not be considered for the purpose of reducing an angle of heel or attaining the minimum range of residual stability to meet the requirements of subparagraphs 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 of this paragraph and sufficient residual stability shall be maintained during all stages where equalization is used. Spaces which are linked by ducts of a large cross-sectional area may be considered to be common.

  4 The requirements of paragraph 1 of this regulation shall be confirmed by calculations which take into consideration the design characteristics of the ship, the arrangements, configuration and contents of the damaged compartments; and the distribution, relative densities and the free surface effect of liquids. The calculations shall be based on the following:

  • .1 Account shall be taken of any empty or partially filled tank, the relative density of cargoes carried, as well as any outflow of liquids from damaged compartments.

  • .2 The permeabilities assumed for spaces flooded as a result of damage shall be as follows:

    Spaces Permeabilities
       
    Appropriated to stores 0.60
    Occupied by accommodation 0.95
    Occupied by machinery 0.85
    Voids 0.95
    Intended for consumable liquids 0 to 0.95 footnote
    Intended for other liquids 0 to 0.95 footnote

  • .3 The buoyancy of any superstructure directly above the side damage shall be disregarded. The unflooded parts of superstructures beyond the extent of damage, however, may be taken into consideration provided that they are separated from the damaged space by watertight bulkheads and the requirements of subparagraph .3.1 of this regulation in respect of these intact spaces are complied with. Hinged watertight doors may be acceptable in watertight bulkheads in the superstructure.

  • .4 The free surface effect shall be calculated at an angle of heel of 5º for each individual compartment. The Administration may require or allow the free surface corrections to be calculated at an angle of heel greater than 5º for partially filled tanks.

  • .5 In calculating the effect of free surfaces of consumable liquids it shall be assumed that, for each type of liquid at least one transverse pair or a single centreline tank has a free surface and the tank or combination of tanks to be taken into account shall be those where the effect of free surface is the greatest.

  5 The master of every oil tanker to which this regulation applies and the person in charge of a non-self-propelled oil tanker, to which this regulation applies shall be supplied in a approved form with:

  • .1 information relative to loading and distribution of cargo necessary to ensure compliance with the provisions of this regulation; and

  • .2 data on the ability of the ship to comply with damage stability criteria as determined by this regulation, including the effect of relaxations that may have been allowed under subparagraph 1.3 of this regulation.

  6 All oil tankers shall be fitted with a stability instrument, capable of verifying compliance with intact and damage stability requirements approved by the Administration having regard to the performance standards recommended by the Organizationfootnote:

  • .1 oil tankers constructed before 1 January 2016 shall comply with this regulation at the first scheduled renewal survey of the ship on or after 1 January 2016 but not later than 1 January 2021;

  • .2 notwithstanding the requirements of subparagraph .1 a stability instrument fitted on an oil tanker constructed before 1 January 2016 need not be replaced provided it is capable of verifying compliance with intact and damage stability, to the satisfaction of the Administration; and

  • .3 for the purposes of control under regulation 11, the Administration shall issue a document of approval for the stability instrument.

  7 For oil tankers of 20,000 tonnes deadweight and above delivered on or after 6 July 1996, as defined in regulation 1.28.6, the damage assumptions prescribed in paragraph 2.2 of this regulation shall be supplemented by the following assumed bottom raking damage:

  • .1 longitudinal extent:

    • .1 ships of 75,000 tonnes deadweight and above:

      0.6L measured from the forward perpendicular;

    • .2 ships of less than 75,000 tonnes deadweight:

      0.4L measured from the forward perpendicular;

  • .2 transverse extent: B/3 anywhere in the bottom;

  • .3 vertical extent: breach of the outer hull.

Parent topic: Part A - Construction
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