Appendix 2 – Testing of Windows, Fire Dampers, Pipe and Duct Penetrations and Cable Transits

  2.1.1 The test shall be conducted on the window of the maximum size (in terms of both the width and the height) for which approval is sought.

  2.1.2 The test shall be conducted on a window of the maximum size (in terms of both the height and the width) and the type of the glass pane and/or the minimum thickness of the glass pane or panes and gaps, if appropriate, for which approval is sought. Test results obtained on this configuration shall, by analogy, allow approval of windows of the same type, with lesser dimensions in terms of height and width and with the same or greater thickness.

  2.2.1 The bulkhead which includes the window shall be insulated to class "A-60" on the stiffened face, which shall be the face exposed to the heating conditions of the test. This is considered to be most typical of the use of windows on board ships. There may be special applications of windows where the Administration considers it appropriate to test the window with the insulation of the bulkhead to the unexposed face of the structural core, such as the window on front bulkhead of the tanker, or within bulkheads other than class "A-60".

  2.2.2 The window shall be positioned within the bulkhead, shown in figure 1 of appendix 1, at that height which is intended for practical application. When this is not known, the window shall be positioned with the top of its frame as close as possible, but not closer than 300 mm, to the top of the bulkhead.

 For the calculation of the average temperature rise on the unexposed face, only those thermocouples fixed to the face of the window pane(s) shall be used.

 For windows which are to be of a classification "A-0", the cotton-wool pad test need not be used to evaluate the integrity of a window since radiation through the window pane could be sufficient to cause ignition of the cotton-wool pad. In such cases cracks or openings in windows shall not be such as to allow the gap gauges to enter in the manner described in paragraph 8.4.4 of appendix 1.

 This procedure is an optional requirement and may be requested by some Administrations for windows used in specific areas of a ship. The window is subjected to the impact, erosion and cooling effects of a hose stream.

  5.2.1 The hose-stream test shall be applied to the exposed face of the specimen immediately, but at least within not more than 1.5 min following the termination of the heating period.

  5.2.2 The water stream is delivered through a standard fire hose and discharged through a 19 mm nozzle of tapered smooth-bore pattern without shoulder at the orifice. The nozzle orifice shall be 6 m from the centre and normal to the exposed face of the specimen.

  5.2.3 The water pressure at the nozzle shall be 310 kPa when measured with the water flow in progress.

  5.2.4 The duration of application of the hose stream to the surface of the specimen shall be 0.65 min for each square metre of the exposed area of the specimen. The stream shall be directed firstly at the centre and then at all parts of the exposed face, changes in direction being made slowly.

  5.3.1 For the calculation of the average temperature rise on the unexposed face, only those thermocouples fixed to the face of the window pane(s) shall be used.

  5.3.2 For the judgment of the maximum temperature rise on the unexposed face, all the thermocouples fixed to the face of the window pane(s), window frame, transoms and mullions shall be used.

  5.3.3 The specimen is considered to have satisfied the criteria of the hose-stream test if no openings develop during the application of the stream which allow water to pass to the unexposed face.

  5.3.4 The window shall be considered to have failed the hose-stream test if an opening develops that allows an observable projection of water from the stream beyond the unexposed surface during the hose-stream test. Gap gauges need not be applied during or after the hose stream test.

 The maximum sizes (in terms of both the width and the height, or the diameter) of each type of fire damper for which approval is sought shall be tested in both vertical and horizontal orientation.

  2.2.1 A bulkhead which includes the damper shall be constructed in accordance with paragraph 2.1 of appendix 1 and shall be insulated to class "A-60" on the stiffened face, which shall be the face which is not exposed to the heating conditions of the test. A deck which includes the damper shall be constructed in accordance with paragraph 2.2 of appendix 1 and shall be insulated to class "A-60" on the stiffened face, which shall be the face which is exposed to the heating conditions of the test.

  2.2.2 Fire dampers shall be incorporated into or fixed to coamings or a spigot, which shall be welded or bolted into the structural core.

• The length on the unexposed side = (450 mm or a needed insulation length for a damper under test) (Lunexp) + 50 mm.

• The thickness of the coaming or spigot shall be as follows:

  Widthfootnote or diameter of the duct	Minimum thickness of coaming
  Up to and including 300 mm	3 mm
  760 mm and over	5 mm

• For widths or diameters of ducts in excess of 300 mm but less than 760 mm, the thickness of the coaming or spigot shall be obtained by interpolation

• The coaming or spigot shall be insulated as shown in figure A1.

  2.2.3 The coamings or spigots (including insulation) shall be positioned only in the top half of a bulkhead. Where more than one damper is included in a bulkhead, the top edges of all dampers should be, as far as possible, at the same height. These shall be no closer than 200 mm from the edges of a bulkhead or deck. Where more than one damper is to be tested simultaneously in a division, the distance between adjacent coamings or spigots (including insulation) shall not be less than 200 mm.

  2.2.4 The fire dampers shall be positioned on the exposed face of the bulkhead or deck. The distance between the fire damper centre and the structural core shall be at least 225 mm.

 The operative control of a damper is positioned on the exposed side of the division. When a damper is mounted in the bulkhead the fuse element should be situated at the lowest level of the damper as in practice.

  2.2.5 Fire dampers which are operated automatically shall be in the open position at the start of the test and shall be closed by an automatic device. The damper shall be in the closed position within 2 min after the commencement of the test. If the fire damper fails to close after 2 min from the start of the test, the fire damper shall be deemed to have failed and the test shall be discontinued.

  2.2.6 Fire dampers which are operated with a manual system shall be closed at the test time of 1 min.

  3.1.1 For each fire damper, two thermocouples where the width^footnote or diameter of a damper is not more than 200 mm and four thermocouples when that is over 200 mm shall be fixed to the unexposed face at each of the following locations:

• .1 on the surface of the insulation provided to the coaming or spigot at a distance of 25 mm from the unexposed surface of the divisions; and

• .2 on the surface of the coaming or spigot at a distance of 25 mm from where the coaming or spigot emerges from its insulation.

  3.1.2 In the damper where the size exceeds 200 mm, four thermocouples, for each of the positions indicated in paragraphs 3.1.1.1 and 3.1.1.2, shall be fixed. One of the thermocouples shall be fixed at the centre of each side of the coaming or spigot.

  3.1.3 In the damper where the size is not more than 200 mm, two thermocouples, for each of the positions indicated in paragraphs 3.1.1.1 and 3.1.1.2, shall be fixed. One of the thermocouples shall be fixed at the centre of opposing sides of the coaming or spigot and for dampers in bulkheads situated on the top and bottom surface of the coaming or spigot.

 The maximum and minimum sizes (in terms of both the width and the height, or diameter) of each type of pipe penetration for which approval is sought shall be tested in both vertical and horizontal orientation.

  2.2.1 A bulkhead which includes the pipe penetration shall be constructed in accordance with paragraph 2.1.1 of appendix 1 and shall be insulated to class "A-60" on the stiffened face, which shall be the face which is not exposed to the heating conditions of the test. A deck which includes the pipe penetration shall be constructed in accordance with paragraph 2.2.1 of appendix 1 and shall be insulated to class "A-60" on the stiffened face, which shall be the face which is exposed to the heating conditions of the test.

  2.2.1.1 "A-0" class pipe penetrations are recommended to be performed in an uninsulated ("A-0") bulkhead/deck. If the pipe penetrations are tested as an "A-60" class penetration, any insulation fitted (on the penetration itself and 200 mm around) will be required to be fitted also for class "A-0".

  2.2.1.2 "A-0" penetrations shall not be approved without an "A-0" test although tested and approved as "A-60".

  2.2.2 The pipe penetrations shall be positioned only in the top half of a bulkhead but shall not be closer than 200 mm from the edges of a bulkhead or a deck. Where more than one pipe penetration is to be tested simultaneously in a division, the separation between adjacent penetrations shall not be less than 200 mm. Both measurements shall relate to the distance to the nearest part of the penetration system, including any insulation which is part of the system.

  2.2.3 Each pipe passing through a penetration shall project 500 ± 50 mm beyond the exposed end of the penetration and 500 ± 50 mm beyond the unexposed end of the penetration. The exposed end of the pipe shall be blanked off, using an appropriate methodology to ensure that any fire penetration into the pipe does not occur via the end of the pipe in advance of it occurring through the exposed perimeter of the pipe.

  2.2.4 Each pipe shall be firmly supported and fixed independent of the bulkhead or deck on the unexposed side of the test specimen, e.g., by a framework mounted from the restraint frame. The support and fixing of the pipe shall restrain it from movement during the test.

  2.2.5 When the deck penetration is fitted on an exposed side or is fitted symmetrically, general application will be given. When the deck penetration is fitted on an unexposed side, the approval will limit the penetration to the tested orientation.

  2.2.5.1 When the bulkhead penetration is fitted symmetrically, approval would be given for general application. For bulkhead penetrations with an exposed or unexposed fitted frame, one test for each fitting is required in order for obtaining approval for general application.

  2.2.6 Sealing of pipe and duct penetrations: there shall be no visible openings before the start of the fire test.

  2.2.6.1 In cases where a test specimen (deck) which includes the prototype penetration(s) is not mounted within a rigid restraint frame but is connected to the furnace roof by side wall coamings, the rigidity of the coamings is to be equivalent to that of a restraint frame and evaluated in accordance with paragraph 5.1 of appendix 1.

  2.2.6.2 In cases where insulation is fitted to the test pipe(s), the distance(s) of 500 ± 50 mm required in paragraph 2.2.3 to which the pipe should project is to be taken from the end of the insulation as this is considered an integral part of the penetration(s) being tested and it is necessary that a length of unprotected pipe is exposed to the furnace.

  2.2.6.3 In all cases, the support and fixing of the test pipe(s) is to be by a framework mounted from the restraint frame such that any movement of the bulkhead or deck relative to the pipe(s) will be experienced by the penetration(s) being tested.

  3.1.1 For each pipe penetration, two thermocouples shall be fixed on the unexposed face at each of the following locations:

• .1 on the surface of the pipe at a distance of 25 mm from the centre of the thermocouples to the position where the pipe emerges from the penetration seal;

• .2 on the pipe penetration at a distance of 25 mm from the centre of the thermocouples to the face of the insulation on the unexposed side of the test specimen; and

• .3 on the surface of any insulation or filling material used between the pipe and any coaming or spigot fixed to the division (provided that the gap between the pipe or any such coaming or spigot is greater than 30 mm), or on the surface of any collar or shroud used between the pipe and the division (e.g., vapour barrier).

  3.1.2 For pipe penetrations in bulkheads, for each of the positions indicated above, one of the thermocouples shall be fixed directly above the centre of the pipe and the other thermocouple shall be fixed directly below the centre of the pipe.

  3.1.3 Additional thermocouples may be required to be fitted, dependent upon the complexity of the pipe penetration.

  4.1.1 The performance of pipe penetrations may be related to their ability to satisfy both the insulation and the integrity criteria or may be related only to the requirements for integrity, depending on the requirements of the Administration.

  4.1.2 Duct penetrations shall meet both integrity and insulation criteria.

 Since the pipe penetration is a local weakness in the division it shall be capable of preventing a temperature rise exceeding l80°C above the initial temperature. The average temperature rise is not relevant.

 The maximum and minimum sizes (in terms of both the height and the width) of each type of cable transit for which approval is sought shall be tested in both vertical and horizontal orientation.

  2.2.1 A bulkhead which includes the cable transit shall be constructed in accordance with paragraph 2.1.1 of appendix 1 and shall be insulated to class "A-60" on the stiffened face, which shall be the face which is not exposed to the heating conditions of the test. A deck which includes the cable transit shall be constructed in accordance with paragraph 2.2.1 of appendix 1 and shall be insulated to class "A-60" on the stiffened face, which shall be the face which is exposed to the heating conditions of the test.

  2.2.1.1 "A-0" class cable transits are recommended to be performed in an uninsulated ("A-0") bulkhead/deck. If the cable transits are tested as "A-60" penetration, any insulation fitted on an exposed side (on the cable transits itself and 200 mm around) will be required to be fitted also for "A-0".

  2.2.1.2 "A-0" cable transits shall not be approved without an "A-0" test although tested and approved as "A-60".

  2.2.2 The cable transits shall be positioned only in the top half of a bulkhead but shall not be closer than 200 mm from the edges of a bulkhead or a deck. Where more than one cable transit is to be tested simultaneously in a division, the separation between adjacent transits shall not be less than 200 mm. Both measurements shall relate to the distance to the nearest part of the transit system, including any insulation which is part of the system.

  2.2.3 Notwithstanding the above, the distance between transits shall be sufficient to ensure that the transits do not influence each other during the test, except that this requirement does not apply to multi-transits which are intended to be positioned adjacent to one another.

  2.2.4 The cables shall project 500 ± 50 mm beyond the transit on the exposed side of the division and 500 ± 50 mm on the unexposed side.

  2.2.4.1 Each cable shall be firmly supported and fixed independent of the bulkhead or deck on the unexposed side of the test specimen, e.g., by a framework mounted from the restraint frame. The support and fixing of the cables shall restrain them from movement during the test.

  2.2.5 Cable transits shall be fitted to the bulkhead or deck in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications. The cables and sealing compounds or blocks shall be incorporated into the transits with the bulkhead and deck panels placed respectively in vertical and horizontal positions. Any insulation shall be applied to the cables and transits with the panels in the same respective positions.

  2.2.6 The transit(s) shall be tested incorporating a range of different types of cables (e.g., in terms of number and type of conductor, type of sheathing, type of insulation material, size) and shall provide an assembly which represents a practical situation which may be found on ships. An individual Administration may have its own specification for a "standard" configuration of penetrating cables which it may use as a basis of its approvals.

  2.2.6.1 The test results obtained from a given configuration are generally valid for the tested types of cables of size equal to or smaller than tested.

  2.2.7 Tests shall be conducted for the maximum and minimum fill based on the inside cross-sectional area at each transit. The distance between the adjacent cables shall be the minimum specified by the manufacturer, and the cables should be placed close to the centre of the transit.

  2.2.8 When the deck cable transit is fitted on an exposed side or is fitted symmetrically, general application will be given. When the deck cable transit is fitted on the unexposed side, the approval will limit the penetration to the tested orientation.

  2.2.8.1 When the bulkhead cable transit is fitted symmetrically, approval would be given for general application. For bulkhead cable transit with exposed or unexposed fitted frame, one test for each fitting is required in order for obtaining approval for general application.

  2.2.9 Sealing of cable transits shall have no visible openings before the start of the fire test

  3.1.1 For each uninsulated cable transit, thermocouples shall be fixed on the unexposed face at each of the following locations:

• .1 at two positions on the surface of the frame, box or coaming at a distance of 25 mm from the unexposed surface of the division. When the penetration does not extend a minimum of 25 mm beyond the bulkhead or deck plate on the unexposed side of the assembly, these thermocouples shall be placed at the end of the frame, box or coaming;

• .2 at two positions at the end of the transit, on the face of the sealant system or material at a distance of 25 mm from a cable. If there is insufficient area to affix the thermocouples as described, one or both may be placed within a distance of 25 mm from a cable; and

• .3 on the surface of each type of cable included in the cable transit, at a distance of 25 mm from the face of the sealant system or material. In case of a group or bunch of cables, the group shall be treated as a single cable. In case of horizontal cables, the thermocouples shall be mounted on the uppermost surface of the cables. These thermocouples may be excluded if the diameters of the cables are too small to effectively affix the thermocouples to the cables. This shall be at the discretion of the Administration.

  3.1.2 For those thermocouples placed on the outer perimeter of the frame, box or coaming, one thermocouple shall be fixed on each of two opposite faces, which in the case of bulkheads shall be the top and bottom faces.

  3.1.3 For each partially insulated or fully insulated cable transit, thermocouples shall be fixed on the unexposed face at equivalent positions to those specified for an uninsulated transit as illustrated in figure A2.

  3.1.4 Additional thermocouples may be required to be fixed, dependent upon the complexity of the cable transit.

  3.1.5 When fixing thermocouples to the unexposed surface of the cables, the copper disc and the insulating pad shall be formed over the surface to provide good contact with the surface of the cable. The copper disc and the pad shall be retained in position by some mechanical means, e.g., wiring or spring clips, such that they do not become detached during the test. The mechanical retention shall not provide any significant heat-sink effect to the unexposed face of the thermocouple.

 Cable transits shall meet both integrity and insulation criteria.

 Since the cable transit is a local weakness in the division, the temperature rise at any point on the surface shall not exceed 180°C above the initial temperature. The average temperature rise shall not be used for this purpose.